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HONG KONG — The concert was intended to be small yet impactful: the first performance by an all-Korean K-pop group in mainland China following an unofficial ban on such events for nearly a decade.
This sparked excitement among fans like Haerin Ouyang, a university student residing in the coastal city of Fuzhou, where the South Korean boy band Epex was set to perform on Saturday.
However, the concert was canceled earlier this month, just days after its announcement, leaving Ouyang feeling “heartbroken.”
“The venue is just a 10-minute ride from my school, and it would have been amazing to go with friends,” she shared.
C9 Entertainment, the managing company for Epex, attributed the cancellation to “local circumstances” when they announced it on May 9, quashing hopes that China was ready to embrace K-pop performances for the first time since 2016.
The ban, which has never been officially confirmed by China, came after South Korea decided to deploy an American anti-ballistic missile defense system, which China argued was aimed at curbing its influence in the region.
Prior to the ban, China — the second-largest music market in Asia after Japan — was among the fastest-growing regions for K-pop and other facets of South Korean pop culture, recognized globally as the Korean Wave, or hallyu.
“In both K-content and K-pop industries, China’s consumer market is viewed as elite,” noted Kang Soyoung, a professor at Seoul Digital University.
According to her, the China ban has resulted in an estimated loss of nearly $16 billion for the South Korean economy since its inception in 2016.
Nonetheless, Kang warned that the cancellation of the Epex concert doesn’t necessarily represent the official stance of the Chinese government since China has been gradually allowing more South Korean cultural elements after years of strain.
While K-pop groups have faced restrictions, other South Korean musicians have been granted permission to perform. In April, the South Korean hip-hop trio Homies made history as the first all-Korean act to take the stage in mainland China in eight years. Additionally, a Korean American musician based in South Korea performed in the Chinese cities of Xi’an, Wuhan, and Zhengzhou in late 2024 and early 2025.
A significant K-pop joint concert is also scheduled for September at a 40,000-seat stadium in the island province of Hainan. The Korea Entertainment Producers’ Association, which announced this event in April, did not respond to inquiries about its status.
Kang expressed optimism that the hallyu ban will soon be lifted, allowing the Hainan concert to “proceed without issues.”
There are further indications of strengthening business relationships. Hybe, the South Korean entertainment firm that oversees global K-pop sensation BTS, recently opened an office in Beijing, according to South Korean media outlets. On Friday, Tencent Music in China was poised to become the second-largest shareholder in SM Entertainment, another major K-pop label, following Hybe’s announcement of its stake sale to Tencent.
“This demonstrates enhanced chances for collaboration between the two nations, particularly within the entertainment sector,” remarked Ellen Kim, director of academic affairs at the Korea Economic Institute of America. “This could serve as a launchpad for industry-level partnerships that might open more avenues for interaction between the countries.”
The diplomatic thaw transcends cultural domains. In November, China indicated it would offer visa exemptions for South Korean visitors, and South Korea reciprocated with the same policy for Chinese tourists.
China’s warming toward South Korea might be partially driven by the precarious global landscape, Kim suggested, as both nations grapple with increasingly antagonistic and unpredictable U.S. trade policies under President Donald Trump.
Moreover, China is facing sluggish domestic consumption, which could benefit from the high-spending K-pop fanbase.
China has also been bolstering its own entertainment sector and now exudes greater confidence in it, Kang noted, highlighting the record-setting success of the Chinese film “Ne Zha 2,” which has become the highest-grossing animated film globally this year.
“It now showcases a strong resilience against ‘foreign content invasion,’” she stated.
China’s potential warming to South Korean entertainment occurs concurrently with its further restrictions on the number of Hollywood films permitted in its theaters in reaction to Trump’s tariffs.
Additionally, China-South Korea relations could experience a boost following next week’s South Korean presidential election, where front-runner Lee Jae-myung is perceived as more favorable toward China than his predecessor.
“If he wins, it may only be a matter of time before changes occur that allow Korean entertainers to enter the country and perform their music,” Kim noted.
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